ICSI stands for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. It is a specialized form of in vitro fertilization (IVF) used in cases of severe male infertility or other conditions that may hinder the fertilization process. ICSI involves the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to facilitate fertilization.
Here’s an overview of the ICSI procedure:
- Ovarian Stimulation: The female partner undergoes ovarian stimulation using fertility medications to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
- Egg Retrieval: Once the eggs have matured, a minor surgical procedure called egg retrieval or follicular aspiration is performed. An ultrasound-guided needle is used to remove the eggs from the ovaries.
- Sperm Collection: On the same day as the egg retrieval, a semen sample is collected from the male partner. In cases of severe male infertility or if there are no sperm in the ejaculate, sperm may be retrieved directly from the testicles using surgical techniques like Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) or Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE).
- Sperm Injection: Under a microscope, an embryologist selects a single healthy sperm and injects it directly into an individual egg.
- Fertilization and Embryo Development: After the injection, the fertilized egg (now called an embryo) is incubated in a laboratory for a few days to allow it to develop further.
- Embryo Transfer: Once the embryos have developed, one or more of the healthiest embryos are selected for transfer into the woman’s uterus. The embryo transfer is a relatively simple and painless procedure.
- Pregnancy Test: About 10 to 14 days after the embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is conducted to determine if the procedure was successful.
ICSI has revolutionized the treatment of severe male infertility and has significantly increased the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy for couples facing such challenges. It is essential to discuss all available fertility treatment options, including ICSI, with Dr. Mamatha CV reproductive specialist to determine the best approach for each individual situation.